Xanthos Letoon

Xanthos-Letoon: A Fascinating Ancient City and Sacred Necropolis in Turkey

This comprehensive guide aims to provide valuable insights and practical information for tourists visiting the unique archaeological site of Xanthos-Letoon, located in the modern-day province of Muğla, southwestern Turkey.

Introduction

Xanthos-Letoon is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that encompasses the ancient city of Xanthos and the sacred Necropolis of Letoon. Founded around 650 BCE by the Lycians, this historic area offers an exceptional testament to the ancient Lycian civilization and its unique architecture, art, and religion.

Geography and Climate

Xanthos-Letoon is situated approximately 18 km east of Fethiye and 65 km northwest of Dalaman Airport. The area benefits from a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Tourists are advised to visit during the spring (March - May) or autumn (September - November) months when temperatures are comfortable, and rainfall is minimal.

Getting There

The easiest way to reach Xanthos-Letoon is by hiring a car or taking a taxi from Fethiye or Dalaman Airport. Alternatively, tours can be booked through local travel agencies, which often include other attractions in the region. Please note that the roads leading to the site may be winding and narrow, so drivers should exercise caution.

Xanthos Ancient City

Xanthos was an essential city-state of ancient Lycia, known for its strategic location along the Kaunos road and the Xanthus River. Its ruins are spread over a vast area, offering a remarkable glimpse into the Lycian culture, including:

  1. The Acropolis: The highest point in the ancient city, providing panoramic views of the surrounding area. Remnants of the acropolis include the Hellenistic gate and various temples dedicated to gods like Athena and Heracles.

  2. Temple of Leto: A Doric-style temple built in honor of the Greek deity Leto, who was said to have given birth to Apollo and Artemis at Letoon. The temple is well-preserved and showcases intricate carvings on its pediments.

  3. The Lycian Rock Tombs: Carved into the slopes of the mountains surrounding Xanthos, these elaborate tombs provide a fascinating insight into the burial practices of the ancient Lycians.

Letoon Sacred Necropolis

Letoon was a sacred city dedicated to the Greek deities Leto, Artemis, and Apollo. It served as the religious center for the Lycian Federation, with numerous temples, sanctuaries, and other religious structures. Key sites within Letoon include:

  1. Temples of Leto, Artemis, and Apollo: These Hellenistic-era temples are dedicated to the three deities mentioned above. The Temples of Artemis and Apollo feature Ionic columns, while the Temple of Leto displays Doric architecture.

  2. The Baptistery: A unique structure used for baptisms in the ancient world, with an octagonal shape and a central pool.

  3. The Basilica: Believed to be a gathering place or court for the Lycian Federation, the basilica features Ionic columns and is surrounded by smaller temples and altars.

Practical Information for Visitors

  1. Opening hours: Xanthos-Letoon is open daily from 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM during the summer months, and from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM in the winter.

  2. Entrance fee: The entrance fee for Xanthos-Letoon is currently 20 Turkish Liras (TL) per person as of 2021.

  3. Guided tours: While not required, guided tours can provide valuable insights into the history and culture of Xanthos-Letoon. English language guides are available.

  4. Facilities: There is a small on-site café and restrooms available for visitors. However, it’s advisable to bring water and snacks as there may be limited options during your visit.

  5. Dress code: Visitors should dress respectfully when exploring the site, with shoulders and knees covered out of respect for the religious significance of Letoon.

Conclusion

Xanthos-Letoon is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in ancient history, architecture, or culture. Its rich heritage, stunning landscapes, and unique archaeological treasures make it an unforgettable experience for tourists seeking to explore the wonders of Turkey.