W Arly Pendjari Complex

W-Arly-Pendjari Complex: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

The W-Arly-Pendjari Complex is a transnational network of protected areas spanning the borders of Burkina Faso, Benin, and Niger. This expansive complex encompasses three national parks – Arli in Burkina Faso, Pendjari in Benin, and W in Niger – and forms one of the largest and most biodiverse wildlife reserves in West Africa.

Geography and Climate

The W-Arly-Pendjari Complex stretches over approximately 7,500 square miles (19,425 km²) and lies within the larger Sahel region of West Africa. The terrain is diverse, with savannahs, woodlands, grasslands, and riverine forests providing a rich habitat for an array of flora and fauna.

The climate in this area is primarily tropical savanna, characterized by hot, wet summers (from May to October) and dry winters (from November to April). Annual rainfall varies between 700mm and 900mm, with the most significant precipitation occurring during the summer months.

Wildlife

Mammals

The W-Arly-Pendjari Complex is home to over 50 species of large mammals, many of which are endangered or threatened. Some notable examples include:

  1. African Elephant (Loxodonta africana): The complex hosts one of the largest populations of elephants in West Africa.
  2. West African Lion (Panthera leo leo): This subspecies is critically endangered, with an estimated 250 individuals remaining in the wild.
  3. West African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus): These large mammals roam the savannahs of the complex.
  4. Roan Antelope (Hippotragus equinus): The complex is one of the few remaining strongholds for this endangered antelope species.
  5. West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta): This subspecies can be found in the savannahs and woodlands of the complex.
  6. West African Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius): These semi-aquatic mammals inhabit the rivers and wetlands within the complex.
  7. African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus): The elusive leopard can be found in the dense woodland areas of the complex.
  8. West African Crocodile (Crocodylus suchus): These large reptiles inhabit the rivers and wetlands of the complex.
  9. Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus): These burrowing mammals are common throughout the complex.
  10. Hyena (Hyaena hyaena): Both spotted hyenas and striped hyenas can be found in the complex.

Birds

The complex is an important bird area, supporting over 450 species of birds, including:

  1. African Elephant Hawk (Spizaetus melanoleucus): This bird of prey is a resident of the savannahs and grasslands within the complex.
  2. African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer): These raptors can be found along the rivers and lakes of the complex.
  3. African Spoonbill (Platalea alba): This large, pink wading bird is common in the wetlands of the complex.
  4. Yellow-headed Vulture (Sarcoramphus pulcher): This vulture can be found soaring over the savannahs and grasslands of the complex.
  5. White-necked Raven (Corvus albus collaris): This corvid species is common throughout the complex.
  6. Red-winged Warbler (Heliothraupis leucosticte): These small, agile birds are often found in the woodland areas of the complex.
  7. African Green Pigeon (Treron waalia): This pigeon species is common throughout the savannahs and forests of the complex.
  8. European Roller (Coracias garrulus): These colorful, migratory birds can be found in the woodland areas of the complex during the summer months.
  9. White Stork (Ciconia ciconia): These large, white wading birds are common throughout the complex during their migration through Africa.
  10. African Openbill (Anthropoides viridis): This large, stork-like bird is found in the wetlands and rivers of the complex.

Facilities for Visitors

The W-Arly-Pendjari Complex offers various facilities to accommodate tourists visiting the area. These include:

  1. Campsites: Each park has several campsites, offering basic accommodation for visitors. Some campsites may require reservations in advance.
  2. Guided tours: Park rangers offer guided tours of the parks, providing insights into the local flora and fauna and ensuring that visitors’ safety is prioritized.
  3. Wildlife watching hides: These structures allow visitors to observe wildlife from a safe distance without disturbing their natural behavior.
  4. Observation towers: Some parks have observation towers offering panoramic views of the surrounding savannahs, woodlands, and grasslands.
  5. Restaurants and shops: Most campsites offer basic food and beverage options, while some parks may have small shops selling souvenirs and essential items.
  6. Vehicle hire: Visitors can rent vehicles for exploring the parks’ vast expanses. Some parks require four-wheel drive vehicles due to the challenging terrain.

Tips for Tourists

  1. Plan ahead: Make sure to research your destination, obtain any necessary permits or visas, and familiarize yourself with the local customs and laws.
  2. Bring appropriate gear: The climate in this region can be hot and wet during the summer months, so make sure to bring sun protection, mosquito repellent, and suitable clothing.
  3. Respect wildlife: Never approach or feed wild animals, and maintain a safe distance to avoid disturbing their natural behavior.
  4. Be aware of safety concerns: Some areas within the parks may be dangerous due to wildlife or banditry. Always follow your guide’s instructions and remain vigilant.
  5. Support local communities: Consider purchasing local crafts or hiring local guides to help support the local economy.
  6. Travel responsibly: Minimize your environmental impact by following park rules, disposing of waste properly, and not disturbing the natural environment.