The Sacred City of Anuradhapura: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Welcome! This guide will take you through the enchanting and historically significant city of Anuradhapura, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in Sri Lanka. Established around a cutting from the ‘Sacred Bo Tree’ under which Buddha attained Enlightenment, Anuradhapura was the capital of Sri Lanka for over 13 centuries and is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

History

Ancient Anuradhapura (380 BC - 10th Century AD)

The city was founded in the 4th century BC as a small kingdom under King Pandukabhaya, who was said to have ruled from a city called Mihintale. Over time, it grew into an extensive metropolis with intricate irrigation systems, grand palaces, and magnificent temples.

Medieval Anuradhapura (10th Century AD - 14th Century AD)

During the Polonnaruwa period, much of Anuradhapura was abandoned due to invasions from South India. However, it continued to thrive as a religious center with several significant temples and monastic complexes being built.

Decline and Revival (14th Century AD - Present)

In the 14th century, Anuradhapura was largely abandoned due to frequent invasions and natural disasters. Yet, it has never lost its significance as a spiritual center for Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Today, Anuradhapura is visited by millions of pilgrims each year.

Key Attractions

1. The Sacred Bo Tree (Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi)

One of the world’s oldest living trees, this magnificent fig tree is said to be a cutting from the original tree under which Buddha attained Enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, India.

2. Ruwanwelisaya Stupa

Constructed by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BC, this monumental stupa is one of the most impressive structures in Anuradhapura and serves as a significant religious landmark.

3. Abhayagiri Vihara

Once the largest monastery complex in ancient Sri Lanka, Abhayagiri Vihara houses numerous archaeological findings and is an excellent example of the city’s architectural prowess.

4. Isurumuniya Temple

Known for its intricate stone carvings depicting scenes from the Jataka tales, this ancient temple showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of the Anuradhapura era.

5. Jetavana Stupa and Museum

The largest stupa in Anuradhapura, Jetavana houses an impressive museum displaying artifacts excavated from the site. Don’t miss the impressive Buddha statues!

Practical Information

• Access: Anuradhapura is located approximately 200 kilometers north of Colombo and can be reached by bus, train, or taxi. The city itself is best explored on foot or by bicycle.
• Entry Fees: There is an entrance fee for the archaeological park, which covers several sites within the area. Check the latest rates upon arrival.
• Best Time to Visit: Anuradhapura can be visited year-round, but the best time is during the dry season (December - April) when the weather is cooler and less humid.
• Dress Code: Respectful clothing is required at all temples and monasteries. Cover your shoulders and knees, and avoid revealing clothing.
• Guides: Consider hiring a local guide for an in-depth exploration of the city’s history and significance.

Conclusion

Anuradhapura offers tourists a unique glimpse into ancient Sri Lanka, with its well-preserved temples, intricate stupas, and lush landscapes. We hope this guide has provided you with valuable insights to help plan your journey through this sacred city. Happy travels!