Necropolis of Bet She’arim: A Landmark of Jewish Renewal

Introduction

Welcome to the comprehensive guide for visiting the Necropolis of Bet She’arim, a remarkable historical site that showcases the richness and diversity of Jewish culture in antiquity. Located in northern Israel, near the modern city of Safed, this ancient burial complex offers a unique glimpse into the lives of Jews who lived during the Roman period.

History

The Early Period (1st Century BCE - 2nd Century CE)

The Necropolis of Bet She’arim was first established as a Jewish cemetery in the late Second Temple period, around the year 100 BCE. It served as the burial place for the Jewish community living in the nearby cities of Sepphoris and Tiberias. The site gained prominence during the Bar Kochba Revolt (132-135 CE) when many rebels were buried here.

The Byzantine Period (3rd - 7th Century CE)

During the Byzantine period, the Necropolis of Bet She’arim grew significantly in size and importance. It became a major pilgrimage site for Jews from all over the world who came to pay their respects at the tombs of prominent rabbis and scholars buried here. The site was adorned with ornate carvings, mosaics, and inscriptions, many of which can still be seen today.

The Islamic and Crusader Periods (7th Century CE - 13th Century CE)

Following the Muslim conquest of Palestine in the 7th century, the Necropolis continued to function as a burial place for Jews, although it was no longer a major pilgrimage site. During the Crusader period, the site was largely forgotten and fell into disrepair.

Rediscovery and Excavation (19th - 20th Century CE)

The Necropolis of Bet She’arim was rediscovered in the 19th century by European travelers and archaeologists, who began excavating the site systematically. Since then, numerous discoveries have been made, shedding light on the history, culture, and beliefs of the Jews who lived and died here nearly 2000 years ago.

What to See at the Necropolis of Bet She’arim

The Catacombs

The most striking feature of the Necropolis is its network of underground catacombs, which housed thousands of tombs. Visitors can explore these catacombs on guided tours and marvel at the intricate carvings and mosaics that adorn their walls.

The Columbarium

Another important part of the Necropolis is the columbarium, an above-ground structure where small niches were used to store the urns containing cremated remains. This is one of the largest and best-preserved columbaria from the Roman period still in existence today.

The Synagogue

A short walk from the catacombs and columbarium, you’ll find the ruins of a Byzantine synagogue. This synagogue was built during the height of Bet She’arim’s popularity as a pilgrimage site and is an excellent example of Jewish architectural style from this period.

The Inscriptions

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Necropolis is the large number of inscriptions found on its walls. These inscriptions, written in both Hebrew and Greek, provide valuable insights into the lives, beliefs, and customs of the Jews who lived here during antiquity.

Practical Information for Visitors

• Location: The Necropolis of Bet She’arim is located approximately 10 km northeast of Safed, in northern Israel. It can be easily reached by car or public transportation.
• Opening Hours: The site is open Sunday through Thursday from 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM and Friday from 8:30 AM to 2:30 PM. It is closed on Saturdays.
• Admission Fee: There is an admission fee for entering the Necropolis of Bet She’arim, which can be paid at the entrance.
• Guided Tours: Guided tours are highly recommended for visitors who want to learn more about the history and significance of the site. Tours can be booked in advance or arranged on-site.
• What to Bring: Visitors should wear comfortable walking shoes, as there is a fair amount of walking involved at the Necropolis. Additionally, it’s a good idea to bring water, sunscreen, and a hat, especially during the summer months.
• Accessibility: The Necropolis of Bet She’arim is wheelchair accessible, with ramps and elevators provided for visitors who require them.

Conclusion

The Necropolis of Bet She’arim is an essential destination for anyone interested in Jewish history, culture, and archaeology. By exploring the catacombs, columbarium, synagogue, and inscriptions found here, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the lives lived by Jews during the Roman period and the enduring legacy they left behind. So pack your bags, grab your walking shoes, and prepare to be transported back in time as you explore this remarkable landmark.