Monastery Of Geghard And The Upper Azat Valley

Monastery of Geghard and Upper Azat Valley: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Welcome! This guide aims to provide you with a detailed overview of the breathtaking Monastery of Geghard and the enchanting Upper Azat Valley, located in Kotayk Province, Armenia. Get ready to immerse yourself in a journey through history, culture, and natural beauty.

Geographical Location and Background

The Monastery of Geghard (also known as the Monastery of the Spear or Geghardavank) is nestled high in the Azat River gorge, within the Upper Azat Valley, approximately 40 km away from Yerevan, Armenia’s capital city. The monastery complex dates back to the 4th century and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000.

The name “Geghard” translates to “spear” in Armenian, signifying the relic of the Spear that pierced Jesus Christ’s side during the Crucifixion, which was said to have been kept at this monastery.

History

Founding and Early Period (4th-7th centuries)

The Monastery of Geghard was initially established as a pagan sanctuary dedicated to the Goddess Anahit during the pre-Christian era. Upon Christianity’s adoption by King Tiridates III in 301 AD, the site was converted into a Christian monastery.

Medieval Period (8th-14th centuries)

The monastery underwent extensive expansion and renovation during the medieval period. Notable kings, such as Ashot Yergat, King of Armenia, and Hetum I, the king of the Kingdom of Little Armenia, supported its development. The architectural style during this era was primarily influenced by Syrian-Armenian architects, resulting in a unique fusion of Byzantine, Gothic, and traditional Armenian architectural elements.

Post-Medieval Period (15th-20th centuries)

In the post-medieval period, the monastery faced numerous challenges, including destruction by Timur (Tamerlane) in 1395 and subsequent repairs during the rule of King Levon VII. During the Ottoman Empire’s reign, the monastery was abandoned for a time but was later revived under the Russian Empire. In 1860, the main church was heavily renovated.

Architecture and Key Structures

The Main Church (Katoghike Church)

The Katoghike Church is the central structure of the monastery complex, dating back to the 13th century. It is a three-nave basilica with a central dome, featuring intricate stone carvings and khachkars (Armenian cross-stones). The church’s construction was influenced by the architectural style of the period, combining elements from Byzantine, Gothic, and traditional Armenian architecture.

The Royal Chapel (Gavit)

Adjacent to the Katoghike Church lies the Royal Chapel or Gavit. This two-story structure serves as a narthex for the main church, with its upper level functioning as a hall for monks. The Gavit is renowned for its exquisite stone carvings and khachkars, making it one of the most significant examples of Armenian architecture.

Other Notable Structures

Other structures within the monastery complex include:

  1. The Amberd Fortress: Situated atop Mount Aknabat, the Amberd Fortress dates back to the 7th century and offers stunning panoramic views of the Upper Azat Valley.
  2. The Chapel of St. George (Geghardavank): A small chapel dedicated to St. George, located near the spring of Geghard.
  3. The Refectory: This structure served as the dining hall for the monks and features a distinctive arched design.
  4. The Cells: Various cells scattered throughout the monastery complex provided living quarters for the monks.
  5. The Spring of Geghard: A sacred spring located near the chapel of St. George, believed to have healing properties.

Upper Azat Valley

The Upper Azat Valley is an area of extraordinary natural beauty, offering a serene and picturesque setting for exploring the monastery complex. Here are some key attractions:

  1. Kotayk Regional Park: A vast protected area that encompasses the Monastery of Geghard, offering opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and enjoying the pristine nature.
  2. Garni Temple: An ancient Greco-Roman temple dedicated to the Sun God Mihr, located approximately 7 km from the monastery.
  3. Symphony of Stones: A series of basalt columns near Garni, forming unique formations and providing a stunning backdrop for photography.
  4. Charents Arch: A memorial monument overlooking the Azat River, commemorating Armenian poet Hovhannes Charents.
  5. Gorges and Waterfalls: The valley is home to numerous gorges and waterfalls, such as Akna Gorge and Khachik Waterfall, offering breathtaking vistas for nature enthusiasts.

How to Visit

To visit the Monastery of Geghard and Upper Azat Valley, you can arrange a guided tour or rent a car from Yerevan. The monastery is open daily, and the entrance fee is approximately 3,000 AMD (around $6 USD) per person. It’s recommended to wear comfortable walking shoes as there are uneven paths within the monastery complex.

Conclusion

The Monastery of Geghard and Upper Azat Valley offer an unforgettable experience for tourists seeking a harmonious blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. We hope this guide will serve as a valuable resource during your journey through Armenia! Enjoy your visit!