Guide to Memphis and the Necropolis – Pyramid Fields: From Giza to Dahshur

Overview

Welcome to Egypt, a land rich in history and ancient wonders! In this comprehensive guide, we’ll take you on an exciting journey to one of the most fascinating historical sites in Egypt - Memphis and its Necropolis, the Pyramid Fields stretching from Giza to Dahshur.

Memphis

History

Memphis was founded by King Menes around 3100 BCE, making it one of the oldest major cities in the world. It served as the capital of Ancient Egypt during the Old and Middle Kingdoms and remained an important city throughout the Pharaonic period.

Location and Layout

Memphis is located south of modern-day Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile River. The ancient city was divided into two main areas: Ipt-Rsyt (White Wall) and Akhet-Khufu (Field of Khufu). Ipt-Rsyt contained the royal palaces, administrative buildings, and temples, while Akhet-Khufu was a residential area.

The Pyramid Fields: From Giza to Dahshur

Giza Pyramids

The most famous part of the Necropolis is undoubtedly the Giza Plateau, home to the Great Pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. The Great Sphinx of Giza also resides here. These pyramids were built as tombs for the Pharaohs during the Fourth Dynasty around 2580-2566 BCE.

Saqqara Necropolis

Just south of Memphis lies Saqqara, one of the richest archaeological sites in Egypt, with its earliest monument dating back to the 3rd Dynasty (around 2700 BCE). Notable structures here include the Step Pyramid of Djoser, the pyramids of Unas and Teti, and the tombs of officials such as Mereruka and Kagemni.

Dahshur Necropolis

Further south lies Dahshur, home to two of Egypt’s “Bent” Pyramids - the Red Pyramid (Sneferu) and the Bent Pyramid (also Sneferu). These pyramids represent a significant milestone in pyramid design. The Bent Pyramid was built to correct design flaws observed in the Red Pyramid, showcasing Egypt’s relentless pursuit of perfection.

Practical Information for Visitors

• Best Time to Visit: October through April offers the most comfortable weather conditions for exploring these sites.
• Accessibility: All three locations - Memphis, Saqqara, and Dahshur - are accessible by car or guided tours from Cairo.
• Guided Tours: Recommended for a comprehensive understanding of the sites’ history and context.
• Dress Code: Modest clothing is recommended out of respect for local customs and to protect yourself from the sun.
• Photography: Cameras are allowed, but tripods may be restricted in some areas.
• Opening Hours: Generally, sites open at 8 AM and close around 4 PM. Closing times can vary depending on the season.
• Entrance Fees: Tickets for each site can be purchased upon arrival. Consider purchasing a multi-site pass if you plan to visit multiple locations within a week.