Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Prince’s Tomb of Qin Shihuang), located in Lintong District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, is an awe-inspiring archaeological site that offers a unique glimpse into the mysterious world of the first unified emperor of China. This guide aims to provide essential information for tourists intending to visit this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Historical Background

Qin Shihuang, born Ying Zheng, ascended the throne in 246 BC at the age of 13 and ruled until his death in 221 BC. During his reign, he unified various warring states under a centralized system, marking the beginning of imperial China. The construction of the Mausoleum began shortly after his ascension and took approximately 38 years to complete, involving an estimated 700,000 workers and 2,000 architects.

Architecture and Layout

The Mausoleum is a complex system consisting of three primary components: the Tomb Pit, Terracotta Army, and the Underground Palaces. The entire complex measures approximately 38 square miles (98 km²).

The Tomb Pit

Located at the center of the Mausoleum, the Tomb Pit is a massive underground structure containing the emperor’s tomb and a series of burial chambers for his consort, officials, soldiers, and horses. The pit is surrounded by a moat filled with mercury to prevent grave robbers.

Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is perhaps the most famous part of the Mausoleum. Buried near the eastern side of the Tomb Pit, it consists of terracotta sculptures representing the armies of Qin Shihuang’s imperial guards. The Terracotta Army includes over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses. Each figure is unique in facial expression, clothing, and hairstyle.

Underground Palaces

The Underground Palaces are a series of structures beneath the Mausoleum that were intended to serve as palaces for the emperor in the afterlife. These palaces include halls, chambers, and other architectural elements made from materials like wood, clay, and jade.

Visitor Information

Location

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located approximately 37 miles (60 km) east of Xi’an city center. It can be easily reached by public transportation or private car.

Opening Hours

The site is open daily from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM, with last admission at 4:00 PM. The Terracotta Army exhibition hall has extended hours until 6:00 PM.

Admission Fee

Admission fees vary depending on the season and specific attractions within the Mausoleum complex. As of 2021, the combined ticket for the Terracotta Army Pit #1 and #2 costs 120 RMB (approximately $19 USD). A separate ticket for the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 65 RMB (approximately $10 USD).

Recommended Duration

A visit to the entire complex can take up to half a day. It is recommended to allocate at least 2-3 hours to explore the Terracotta Army, and another 1-2 hours for the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.

Tips for Tourists

• Wear comfortable walking shoes as there will be a considerable amount of walking.
• Bring a hat, sunscreen, and water to protect against the sun during outdoor exploration.
• Consider hiring a guide or using an audio guide to fully understand the historical context of the site.
• Take advantage of the restrooms located near the Terracotta Army Pit #1 and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
• Avoid visiting during peak tourist seasons (May–October) if possible, as the crowds can be overwhelming.

Conclusion

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is a must-visit for anyone interested in Chinese history, ancient archaeology, or cultural exploration. The intricate designs, grand scale, and historical significance make it an unforgettable experience that offers valuable insights into China’s imperial past.