Laurisilva of Madeira

Laurisilva Forests of Madeira: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Welcome to the enchanting world of Laurisilva forests, a UNESCO World Heritage site located on the beautiful Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. This guide aims to provide you with essential information, practical tips, and fascinating insights into the unique ecosystem that is the Laurisilva forest.

Location and Geography

The Laurisilva forests are primarily found on three of the eight main islands in the Madeira archipelago: Madeira Island, Porto Santo, and the Desertas Islands. However, it’s Madeira Island where you’ll find the most extensive and best-preserved Laurisilva forest, with two distinct areas: the Northern Laurisilva (Laurel Forest) and the Eastern Laurisilva (Laurissilva of Madeira).

History and Biodiversity

The Laurisilva forests have an ancient history dating back over 9 million years. They are a relic of a subtropical forest that once covered much of Macaronesia, a group of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean including Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Today, these forests represent one of the world’s most endemic biodiverse areas, with approximately 1200 species found nowhere else on Earth.

Key Species

  1. Torbay Silverwood (Laurus azorica) - This evergreen tree is emblematic of the Laurisilva forest and can reach heights of up to 30 meters. Its leaves are glossy green, and its white flowers bloom in the spring.
  2. Madeira giant lizard (Gallotia caesaris) - A rare endemic reptile that can be found basking on rocks or sunning itself among the forest’s undergrowth.
  3. Madeiran wall lizard (Podarcis maderensis) - Another unique species, this lizard is characterized by its vibrant green color and distinctive white belly.
  4. Macaronesian fire salamander (Salamandra macaronesica) - This amphibian is found in the moist areas of the Laurisilva forest, particularly after heavy rainfall.
  5. Madeira buzzard (Bute balearicus madeirensis) - A subspecies of the common buzzard, this bird of prey can be spotted soaring high above the forest canopy.

Visiting the Laurisilva Forests

Northern Laurisilva (Laurel Forest)

  1. Eira do Serrado: This is one of the best-preserved areas of the Northern Laurisilva forest, accessible via a hiking trail that starts at Santo da Serra. The trail offers breathtaking views and the opportunity to spot some of the unique flora and fauna found within the forest.
  2. Ribeira do Feto: This picturesque valley is home to a rich diversity of plant life, including several endemic species. A hiking trail runs through the valley, providing visitors with an immersive experience in the heart of the Laurisilva forest.
  3. Pico Ruivo: At 1862 meters above sea level, Pico Ruivo is the highest peak in Madeira and offers panoramic views of the surrounding Laurisilva forest. The summit can be reached via a challenging hike, but the rewards are more than worth it!

Eastern Laurisilva (Laurissilva of Madeira)

  1. Fajã dos Padres: Accessed by cable car, this fajã (coastal plain) offers a unique glimpse into the Eastern Laurisilva forest. Here, you can walk along trails that pass through dense laurel woodland and visit a small museum dedicated to the area’s history and ecology.
  2. Parque Terrestre da Madeira: Located on the eastern coast of Madeira Island, this protected park encompasses an extensive area of Eastern Laurisilva forest. Visitors can explore the park via guided tours, which provide insights into the unique ecosystem and its inhabitants.

Tips for Visiting the Laurisilva Forests

  1. Wear appropriate footwear: The trails that run through the Laurisilva forests can be steep, slippery, and uneven underfoot. Comfortable hiking boots or shoes with good grip are essential.
  2. Pack water and snacks: Staying hydrated and energized is crucial when exploring the Laurisilva forests, especially during the warmer months.
  3. Follow marked trails: To protect the fragile ecosystem of the Laurisilva forest, it’s essential to stick to the marked trails and avoid straying off-path.
  4. Respect local wildlife: The Laurisilva forests are home to many rare and endangered species. Please observe them from a distance and do not disturb their habitats.
  5. Check the weather forecast: The weather in Madeira can be unpredictable, so it’s essential to check the forecast before setting out on your hike and prepare accordingly.

We hope this guide has provided you with valuable insights into the Laurisilva forests of Madeira and inspired you to explore this unique and enchanting ecosystem. Happy travels!