Keoladeo National Park

Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Keoladeo National Park - The Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

Introduction

Keoladeo National Park, formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Braj-region of Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India. This 29-square-kilometer wetland avifauna sanctuary hosts an incredible variety and abundance of resident and migratory waterfowl, making it one of the richest bird areas on Earth.

History

Originally known as Bharatpur Wetlands, Keoladeo was developed as a waterfowl hunting reserve for Maharaja Suraj Mal in the late 18th century. It served this purpose until 1971 when it was declared a protected sanctuary under Project Tiger and subsequently designated as a national park in 1982.

Geography and Climate

Keoladeo National Park is situated between 26°54’ N to 27°03’ N latitude and 77°29’ E to 77°42’ E longitude. The park lies in the agro-climatic zone with a sub-tropical, semi-arid climate characterized by hot summers (April to July) and cool winters (October to March). The annual rainfall averages around 600mm.

Flora & Fauna

Flora

The park houses diverse flora including grasses, sedges, reeds, and shrubs that provide shelter and food for numerous species. Some notable trees include Neem (Azadirachta indica), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Kadam (Mimusops elengi), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Babul (Acacia nilotica), and Khajur (Phoenix spp.).

Fauna

Keoladeo National Park is most renowned for its avian population. Over 370 bird species have been recorded here, including the critically endangered Siberian Crane and the endangered Black-necked Stork. Other notable residents are Spoonbill, Painted Stork, Greater Flamingo, Brahminy Kite, Grey Heron, White Ibis, and many more.

In addition to birds, the park is home to mammals like Nilgai (Blue Bull), Chital (Spotted Deer), Sambar, Wild Boar, Jackal, Jungle Cat, Hyena, and Bengal Tiger. Reptiles such as Indian Python, Monitor Lizard, and Marsh Crocodile can also be found here.

Visiting Keoladeo National Park

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the park is between October and March when migratory birds flock here. However, it’s fascinating year-round due to its resident bird population.

How to Reach

By Air: The nearest airport is Agra (75km) connected to major cities across India. From there, hire a taxi or take a bus to Bharatpur.

By Rail: Bharatpur Junction Railway Station is well-connected to many cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Varanasi.

By Road: Keoladeo National Park is approximately 58km from Mathura, 180km from Jaipur, and 196km from Agra. Regular buses ply these routes.

Inside the Park

Entry fees for Indian nationals are INR 50 (adults) and INR 25 (children). Foreigners pay INR 400 (adults) and INR 200 (children). Jeep or cycle rickshaw tours are mandatory within the park.

Safety Tips

  • Avoid wearing bright colors to minimize disturbance to wildlife.
  • Maintain silence during your visit to not scare away birds.
  • Carry insect repellent and sunscreen.
  • Stay on designated paths only.

Conclusion

Keoladeo National Park is a unique paradise for nature enthusiasts offering an unparalleled birdwatching experience. Its rich biodiversity, historical significance, and picturesque landscapes make it a must-visit destination in India.