Guide to Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan

Overview

Welcome to a fascinating journey through time as we delve into the rich archaeological heritage of the Jomon Period (circa 14,500 BCE - 300 BCE) in Northern Japan. This guide will provide you with essential information about some of the most notable Jomon prehistoric sites, their unique features, and how to visit them, making your exploration of these ancient wonders enjoyable and informative.

Background

The Jomon Period, named for its distinctive cord-marked pottery, is considered Japan’s first distinct cultural stage. It was a time when humans lived primarily as hunter-gatherers, mastering the art of rice cultivation and developing advanced pottery techniques. The Jomon people are known for their remarkable skills in creating intricate pottery decorated with cord-impressed patterns, and their unique settlement structures.

Key Sites to Visit

1. Sannai-Maruyama Site (Aomori Prefecture)

The Sannai-Maruyama Site is the largest Jomon archaeological site in Japan, covering an area of approximately 620,000 square meters. It was inhabited from the Early to Late Jomon Periods (circa 4000 BCE - 1500 BCE). The site features well-preserved remains of a settlement, including pit dwellings, storage pits, and pottery kilns.

Visitors can explore an open-air museum that showcases replicas of the Jomon dwellings and tools found at the site. The site also boasts beautiful landscapes, making it an excellent destination for those interested in archaeology, history, and nature.

2. Nebuta-jingu Museum (Aomori Prefecture)

Located near the famous Aomori Nebuta Festival grounds, the Nebuta-jingu Museum offers a glimpse into Jomon culture through its collection of Jomon artifacts and replicas of pit dwellings. The museum also features interactive exhibits that allow visitors to experience life during the Jomon Period. Don’t miss the opportunity to see the Ainu Kotan, a reproduction of an Ainu (the indigenous people of Japan) settlement during the Jomon Period.

3. Kuzuryuka (Akita Prefecture)

Kuzuryuka is a prominent burial mound from the Middle to Late Jomon Period (circa 2500 BCE - 1500 BCE). This earthen mound, measuring approximately 300 meters long and 40 meters high, contains human remains and numerous artifacts. Archaeological excavations have revealed that the burial mound was originally surrounded by a wooden fence and was used for multiple burials over time.

Visitors can walk around the archaeological site and learn about the Jomon people’s burial practices and the significance of the Kuzuryuka mound in the broader context of Jomon culture.

4. Akane-yama Site (Iwate Prefecture)

The Akane-yama Site is a Late Jomon Period settlement located near the city of Morioka. The site, which was occupied between circa 1500 BCE and 300 BCE, features well-preserved remains of pit dwellings, storage pits, and pottery kilns. Archaeological excavations have also uncovered numerous artifacts such as pottery, tools, and animal bones.

Visitors can explore the open-air museum that showcases replicas of the Jomon dwellings and tools found at the site. The museum also hosts educational programs and events throughout the year, providing opportunities to learn more about the Jomon Period in an engaging and interactive manner.

5. Yoshinogari Remains (Saga Prefecture)

The Yoshinogari Remains are the largest Jomon archaeological site in Kyushu, covering an area of approximately 200 hectares. The site contains remains from the Early to Late Jomon Periods (circa 14,500 BCE - 300 BCE), including pit dwellings, storage pits, and pottery kilns.

Visitors can explore an open-air museum that showcases replicas of the Jomon dwellings and tools found at the site. The museum also features a reconstruction of a Jomon rice paddy field, providing insights into how the Jomon people cultivated rice, one of their most important staple foods.

Tips for Visiting

• Wear comfortable shoes as you’ll be doing a fair amount of walking at these sites.
• Carry water and snacks, especially during hot summer days.
• Most sites have limited facilities, so plan accordingly.
• Check the opening hours and admission fees before your visit.
• Some sites may offer guided tours or audio guides in English; ask the staff for more information.

Exploring the Jomon prehistoric sites in Northern Japan will provide you with a unique glimpse into Japan’s ancient past. These archaeological treasures offer valuable insights into the lives of the Jomon people, their societies, and their remarkable achievements. Enjoy your journey through time!