Hwaseong Fortress

Hwaseong Fortress: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Hwaseong Fortress (화성사) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Suwon, South Korea. This impressive fortress was built between 1794 and 1796 under the order of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty to honor his father, Prince Sado, who was imprisoned and died within Suwon’s walls.

Historical Background

  • Construction: The construction of Hwaseong Fortress was initiated by King Jeongjo in 1794 as a tribute to his father, Prince Sado. It took approximately two years to complete.
  • Design: The fortress was designed by the royal architect Jeon Yunmo, who is known for his unique blend of military and cultural elements.

Architectural Features

  1. North Gate (성문): This is the main gate and the largest of the four gates. It’s a double-gate structure with an inner and outer gate. The North Gate leads to Hwaseong Haenggung Palace, where King Jeongjo often stayed.
  2. South Gate (남문): The South Gate serves as the secondary entrance to the fortress. It is also a double-gate structure but is smaller compared to the North Gate.
  3. East and West Gates (동문 서문): These two gates are single-gate structures located at the East and West ends of the fortress, respectively.
  4. Walls (성벽): The walls of Hwaseong Fortress measure approximately 5.3 kilometers in length and were built using granite blocks. They enclose an area of about 2.6 square kilometers.
  5. Pavilions and Towers: There are numerous pavilions and towers scattered throughout the fortress, each with its unique architectural features. Some notable ones include Jeonggwanjeon, Janggyeongpanjeon, and Paldalmun.

Things to Do

  1. Walk Around the Fortress: The best way to explore Hwaseong Fortress is by walking along its walls. This will give you a chance to appreciate the stunning views of the fortress and Suwon city.
  2. Visit Hwaseong Haenggung Palace: Located near the North Gate, this palace was used by King Jeongjo during his visits to Suwon.
  3. Explore the Towers and Pavilions: Each tower and pavilion has its unique architectural features and historical significance. Some of them offer beautiful views of the surrounding area.
  4. Attend the Night Illumination Festival: During the fall season, Hwaseong Fortress hosts a night illumination festival where the fortress walls and towers are lit up with colorful lights.

How to Get There

  • By Subway: Take Seoul Metro Line 1 ( Sinbundang Line) to Suwon Station. From there, take Bus 1 or 2 and get off at Hwaseonghaeoreumgil (화성해외벽길) stop.
  • By Train: Take KTX (Korea Train Express) or ITX high-speed trains from Seoul to Suwon Station.

Useful Tips

  1. Wear Comfortable Shoes: As you’ll be doing a lot of walking, make sure to wear comfortable shoes.
  2. Visit during Off-Peak Hours: To avoid the crowds, visit the fortress early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
  3. Rent an Audio Guide: Renting an audio guide can help you better understand the history and significance of each site within the fortress.