Guide to Historic Jeddah: The Gateway to Makkah

Overview

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia’s second-largest city, serves as the gateway to Makkah, Islam’s holiest city. With its rich history dating back over 4000 years, this coastal city offers a unique blend of modernity and tradition that attracts millions of visitors annually. This comprehensive guide will provide you with an insightful journey into the heart of Historic Jeddah.

Historical Background

Jeddah’s earliest known inhabitants were the ancient Himyarites, who traded in ivory, spices, and precious stones. Later, the city was governed by several civilizations, including the Ottomans, Egyptians, and Nabateans. However, it wasn’t until the 17th century that Jeddah began to flourish as a major trading hub under the rule of the Al-Shammar dynasty.

Architectural Wonders

Al-Balad (The Old Town)

Al-Balad is Jeddah’s historic district and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its narrow, winding streets are lined with coral-stone houses characterized by intricate wooden doors and latticed windows. Notable sites within Al-Balad include:

1. Masjid Al-Takseem: A beautiful mosque built in 1927, featuring a unique octagonal minaret and impressive marble interiors.
2. Al-Nabez Mosque: Dating back to the 16th century, this mosque showcases traditional Arabic architecture with its open courtyard and intricate tilework.
3. House of Glows (Beit Sultan): Once the residence of the Sharif of Makkah, this historical mansion is known for its stunning woodwork and glass mosaics.
4. Suq Al-Alawi: A bustling market selling traditional goods such as spices, textiles, and handicrafts.

Al-Hamra’a District

Situated near Al-Balad, Al-Hamra’a is another historical neighborhood that offers a glimpse into Jeddah’s past. The district features unique mud-brick houses built by the Ottomans in the 16th century and restored during the rule of King Abdulaziz Al Saud.

Cultural Experiences

Souk Okaz

Souk Okaz is an annual poetry festival that celebrates Arabic literature and tradition. Held at the Masmak Fortress, this event showcases live performances, recitations of classical poetry, and traditional music.

Jeddah Season

Jeddah Season is a city-wide cultural celebration held in November and December. The event features art exhibitions, concerts, workshops, and other family-friendly activities, providing visitors with an immersive experience into Saudi Arabian culture and heritage.

Modern Attractions

Jeddah Corniche

Jeddah’s iconic corniche stretches for over 30 kilometers along the Red Sea coastline, offering breathtaking views, parks, beaches, and various dining options.

Kingdom Center & Floating Mosque

The Kingdom Tower is a modern architectural marvel that houses offices, luxury hotels, and the world’s highest observatory deck. Nearby lies the stunning Floating Mosque, also known as Al-Salam Al-Malaki Mosque, which seems to hover over the Red Sea, offering a captivating contrast between traditional Islamic architecture and contemporary design.

Practical Information for Visitors

1. Entry Requirements: Travelers must have a valid passport, obtain a tourist visa (if necessary), and comply with Saudi Arabia’s dress code (modest clothing, including headscarves for women).
2. Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Jeddah is during the winter months (November through February) when temperatures are milder.
3. Getting Around: Taxis and ride-hailing services like Careem are readily available, while public buses serve some routes throughout the city.
4. Safety Measures: Respect local customs and traditions, and adhere to Saudi Arabia’s strict laws regarding alcohol consumption, public displays of affection, and non-halal food.
5. Accommodation: Accommodations range from budget hotels to luxury resorts. Some popular options include the InterContinental Jeddah, The Ritz-Carlton Jeddah, and the Four Seasons Hotel.