Historic Fortified City Of Carcassonne

The Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Welcome to our guide on the Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most remarkable architectural feats in Southern France. This medieval fortress, nestled in the Aude department, offers an unparalleled experience for tourists seeking a taste of medieval history.

History

Origin and Development

The city’s origins date back to Gallo-Roman times, around 200 BC, when it was known as Castrum Cassanorum. Over the centuries, it evolved into a significant Roman oppidum, a fortified settlement. During the Middle Ages, Carcassonne underwent extensive reinforcements and expansion due to frequent conflicts between the Cathars and the Crown of Aragon.

The Role of the Counts of Trencavel

The Counts of Trencavel played a crucial role in the development of the city. They fortified Carcassonne, adding towers, walls, and a basin for water supply. However, their power declined after the Albigensian Crusade, and the city was handed over to the Crown of France in 1240.

The Restoration Period

In the 19th century, the city was largely abandoned and fell into disrepair. It was not until the efforts of Viollet-le-Duc, a renowned French architect, that restoration work began. Between 1853 and 1875, he restored many of the city’s buildings and towers, giving Carcassonne its current appearance.

Architecture

The Inner City

The Inner City, also known as La Cité, is the most visited part of Carcassonne. It consists of narrow streets, towering walls, and more than 50 towers. Some of the must-visit sites include:

  1. Count’s Tower (Tour du Comte): This tower, located at the entrance to the Inner City, was originally built in the 13th century but was later restored by Viollet-le-Duc.

  2. Tower of the Innocents (Tour des Aigues-Mortes): This is one of the tallest towers in Carcassonne, standing at 36 meters high.

  3. Château Comtal (Count’s Castle): The castle dates back to the 10th century and offers stunning views of the city.

The Outer City

The Outer City, or Lower Town, was where the common people lived. It is less touristy but still worth exploring for its charming streets, old houses, and various shops.

Activities and Attractions

  1. Visit the Museum of the City of Carcassonne: This museum offers insights into the city’s history, including its Gallo-Roman, medieval, and modern periods.

  2. Stroll Along the City Walls: The city walls provide a unique perspective of Carcassonne and offer a great photo opportunity.

  3. Attend a Festival: Carcassonne hosts several festivals throughout the year, such as the International Festival of Comedy in July and the Festival of Celtic Music in September.

  4. Taste Local Cuisine: Don’t miss out on sampling local specialties like cassoulet and fougasse.

Practical Information

  • Carcassonne is well-connected by road, rail, and air. The nearest major airport is Carcassonne Salamanca Airport.
  • Accommodation options range from budget hostels to luxury hotels.
  • The best time to visit Carcassonne is during spring (March to May) or fall (September to November), when the weather is pleasant, and the city is less crowded.
  • Entry tickets for the Inner City are available at the entrance. It is recommended to purchase a combined ticket for the Inner City, Museum of the City of Carcassonne, and Toulouse-Lautrec Museum.

We hope this guide has provided you with a comprehensive understanding of the Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne. We encourage you to explore this remarkable city and immerse yourself in its rich history!