Guide to Historic Centre of Rome, Properties of the Holy See, and San Paolo Fuori le Mura

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Historic Centre of Rome
   • Colosseum
   • Pantheon
   • Forum Romanum
   • Capitoline Hill
   • Trevi Fountain
   • Spanish Steps
   • Piazza Navona
3. Properties of the Holy See in Rome
   • St. Peter’s Basilica
   • Vatican Museums
   • Sistine Chapel
   • St. Peter’s Square
4. San Paolo Fuori le Mura
5. Tips for Tourists

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1. Introduction

Rome, the Eternal City, is a treasure trove of history, art, and culture. The city is not only the capital of Italy but also the center of Christianity. This guide will take you through the Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that city enjoying extraterritorial rights, and San Paolo Fuori le Mura.

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2. Historic Centre of Rome

The Historic Centre of Rome is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring ancient monuments, Renaissance palaces, and Baroque churches. Here are some must-visit sites:

Colosseum

The iconic Flavian Amphitheatre dates back to 80 AD. It was used for gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. Today, it’s a symbol of Imperial Rome and one of the most visited sites in Italy.

Pantheon

This stunning temple was completed around 125 AD during the reign of Hadrian. Originally built as a pagan temple, it was later converted into a church in the 7th century. The dome is an engineering marvel with an oculus at its center.

Forum Romanum

The political and commercial heart of ancient Rome, this site includes ruins such as the Arch of Titus, the Temple of Saturn, and the Rostra. It provides a glimpse into the political life of the Roman Republic.

Capitoline Hill

This was one of the seven hills of Rome and the site of the Capitolium, the most important temple in ancient Rome. Today, it’s home to the Museo Nazionale Romano and offers panoramic views of the city.

Trevi Fountain

Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the 18th century, this Baroque masterpiece is one of the most famous fountains in the world. Tradition dictates that tossing a coin into the fountain ensures a return to Rome.

Spanish Steps

Climb these grand stairs to reach the Trinità dei Monti church and enjoy the views from the top. The steps are flanked by beautiful palaces and lined with cafes, making them a popular spot for locals and tourists alike.

Piazza Navona

This square showcases three stunning fountains: the Fountain of the Four Rivers, the Moor, and the Samson and the Lion. It was once a stadium during the reign of Emperor Domitian.

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3. Properties of the Holy See in Rome

The Holy See, the religious and political entity of the Roman Catholic Church, has several properties in Rome enjoying extraterritorial rights.

St. Peter’s Basilica

This iconic basilica is one of the holiest sites in Christianity. It was rebuilt by Brunelleschi and Michelangelo on the tomb of Saint Peter, who was one of Jesus’ twelve apostles. The interior houses Bernini’s Baldachin and Michelangelo’s Pietà.

Vatican Museums

These museums contain an immense collection of art and archaeological artifacts from around the world. Highlights include the Sistine Chapel, the Gallery of Maps, and the Raphael Rooms.

Sistine Chapel

This chapel is famous for its frescoes, painted by some of the greatest artists in history, including Michelangelo, Botticelli, and Perugino. The most famous work is Michelangelo’s ceiling, which depicts scenes from Genesis.

St. Peter’s Square

Designed by Bernini, this large square leads to St. Peter’s Basilica. It’s a beautiful example of Baroque architecture and offers an impressive view of the basilica.

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4. San Paolo Fuori le Mura

Built over the tomb of Saint Paul, this basilica is one of the seven major pilgrimage churches in Rome. It features a beautiful mosaic façade and an impressive interior with numerous frescoes. The crypt houses the tomb of Saint Paul.

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5. Tips for Tourists

• Buy a combined ticket to visit multiple sites (e.g., Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Palatine Hill).
• Wear comfortable shoes as there’s a lot of walking involved.
• Be aware of pickpockets in crowded areas.
• Try local Italian cuisine at trattorias and osterias.
• Visit during off-peak times to avoid the crowds.

Enjoy your exploration of Rome!