Historic Centre Of Évora

Historic Centre of Évora: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Évora is a city in Alentejo, Portugal, known for its well-preserved Roman ruins, medieval architecture, and cultural heritage. The Historic Centre of Évora was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. This guide will provide an extensive exploration of the city’s rich history, must-visit attractions, local cuisine, and practical travel tips to help you make the most of your visit.

History

Prehistoric Era

The area that is now Évora has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human occupation dating back to the Lower Paleolithic period (around 1 million years ago). The famous “Évora Man” skull, discovered in the 19th century, is a testament to this ancient habitation.

Roman Era

In 57 BC, Évora was founded as a Roman military outpost called Ebora Liberatrix. During the next four centuries, the city grew and prospered, becoming an essential center for trade and administration in the region. Remnants of this period can still be seen today, such as the Templo Romano (Temple of Diana), Aqueduct of Évora, and the Praetorium Square.

Medieval Era

With the fall of the Roman Empire, Évora was occupied by various Germanic tribes before being reconquered by the Moors in the 8th century. The city remained under Muslim rule until the Reconquista (reconquest) in 1166 when it was taken by Afonso I, the first King of Portugal. During the following centuries, Évora served as the capital of the Alentejo region and played a crucial role in the country’s development.

Attractions

Templo Romano (Temple of Diana)

Built around 144 BC, this well-preserved temple is one of the most significant Roman ruins in Portugal. It is believed to have been dedicated to the goddess Diana and was used for religious ceremonies and public gatherings.

Capela dos Ossos (Chapel of Bones)

Located inside the Church of São Francisco, this chapel features intricate skeletal decorations made from some 5,000 human bones. The skulls and femurs are skillfully arranged into macabre designs that serve as a poignant reminder of mortality.

Praça do Giraldo (Giraldo Square)

Once the city’s main marketplace, this vibrant square is now home to various shops, cafes, and restaurants. The impressive Gothic-Renaissance clock tower (Torre de São Miguel) dominates one corner of the square, while the Igreja de São Francisco (Church of Saint Francis) can be found on another side.

Sé de Évora (Évora Cathedral)

Built between the 12th and 15th centuries, this cathedral is a fusion of Romanesque, Gothic, Manueline, and Baroque architectural styles. Highlights include the intricate stone carvings on the exterior, the beautiful main altar, and the stunning view from the bell tower.

Igreja de São João Evangelista (Church of Saint John the Evangelist)

Known for its distinctive octagonal shape, this church was built in the 14th century on the site of an older mosque. The interior is adorned with delicate azulejos (tiles), while the exterior boasts a charming cloister and a beautiful bell tower.

Local Cuisine

Évora’s culinary scene is heavily influenced by the region’s agricultural traditions. Some must-try dishes include:

  1. Alentejo black pork (porco preto) - a traditional dish made from specially bred black pigs, often served as roast pork or in stews.
  2. Bread with cilantro and garlic - a simple but delicious snack consisting of fresh bread rubbed with garlic and drizzled with olive oil, then topped with chopped cilantro.
  3. Açorda de hortaliça - a hearty soup made from stale bread, eggs, garlic, and various vegetables, seasoned with cilantro and pepper.
  4. Arroz de Cabidela - rice dish cooked in red wine along with the blood of roasted poultry, usually served with boiled chicken.

Practical Tips

  1. The best time to visit Évora is during the spring (March-May) or fall (September-November), when temperatures are milder and the city is less crowded.
  2. Many attractions in Évora have limited opening hours, so it’s essential to plan your visits accordingly.
  3. The historic center of Évora is easily walkable, but if you prefer, there are bicycle rental options available.
  4. A visit to the Alentejo region wouldn’t be complete without trying some local wines, such as Aragonez and Trincadeira, and olive oils.
  5. Be respectful when visiting religious sites; dress modestly and remove hats before entering churches.
  6. Remember to bring water and sunscreen during the warmer months, as there is limited shade in the historic center.
  7. For more information, visit the official tourism website of Évora: https://www.visitportugal.com/pt/destinos/evora