Heart of Neolithic Orkney: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Welcome to the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Orkney Islands of Scotland. This guide will provide you with an in-depth exploration of this fascinating archaeological region, its history, key sites, practical information, and tips for your visit.

Overview

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney refers to a cluster of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments that date back approximately 5,000 years. These include Skara Brae, the Ring of Brodgar, Stones of Stenness, Maeshowe, and the Barnhouse Midden.

Historical Context

The Neolithic period (c. 4000 BC - c. 2500 BC) marked a significant shift in human history, as our ancestors began to settle down and cultivate crops and livestock. This led to the construction of monumental structures such as those found in the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

Key Sites

1. Skara Brae

Skara Brae is a well-preserved Neolithic village, considered one of the best examples of prehistoric architecture anywhere in the world. It was inhabited around 3180 BC and offers insight into the daily lives of these early inhabitants.

2. Ring of Brodgar

The Ring of Brodgar is a circular stone circle, dating back to approximately 2500 BC. It consists of 60 stones, standing up to 4.7 meters (15 feet) high, arranged in an almost perfect circle. Its purpose remains a subject of debate among archaeologists.

3. Stones of Stenness

The Stones of Stenness is another stone circle dating back to around 3100 BC. It consists of 12 stones, with the central stone standing at 4.9 meters (16 feet) tall.

4. Maeshowe

Maeshowe is a chambered tomb, built around 2700 BC. Its most distinctive feature is intricate carvings on the walls, which are thought to represent the phases of the moon and various astronomical phenomena.

5. Barnhouse Midden

The Barnhouse Midden is an archaeological site containing a large mound of household waste from the Neolithic period. It provides valuable insights into the diet and way of life of these early inhabitants.

Practical Information

Getting There

The Orkney Islands are accessible by air (from Edinburgh, Inverness, or Aberdeen) or ferry (from Scrabster or Gill’s Bay). Once on the island, bus services connect the main sites.

Opening Hours and Admission

Opening hours and admission fees vary for each site, so it is advisable to check the official websites before your visit:

• Skara Brae: https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/skara-brae/
• Ring of Brodgar, Stones of Stenness, and Barnhouse Midden: https://www.orkneyjar.com/archaeology/
• Maeshowe: https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/maes-howe/

Guided Tours

Guided tours are available for some sites and can provide a richer understanding of the area’s history. Check official websites for tour availability and booking information.

Tips for Your Visit

• Wear appropriate clothing, as the weather in Orkney can be unpredictable.
• Bring a good pair of walking shoes, as many sites require walking over uneven terrain.
• Respect the sites and their preservation efforts; do not touch any artifacts or carvings.
• Take time to explore the surrounding landscapes, which offer breathtaking views and unique wildlife opportunities.

Conclusion

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney offers a captivating glimpse into our ancient past. By visiting these extraordinary monuments, you will not only appreciate the ingenuity and skill of our ancestors but also gain a deeper understanding of human history. We hope this guide helps make your journey through time both informative and enjoyable!