Hattusha: The Hittite Capital - A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Welcome to Hattusha, the ancient capital of the Hittite Empire, located in modern-day Boğazkale, Turkey. This UNESCO World Heritage Site offers a unique glimpse into one of the most powerful civilizations of the Bronze Age (approximately 1600 BCE - 700 BCE).

History

The Hittite Empire was established around 1800 BCE and reached its peak during the New Kingdom period (around 1350-1200 BCE). Hattusha served as the political, economic, and cultural center of this mighty empire. After the decline of the Hittites, the city was abandoned and eventually became buried under layers of soil until its rediscovery in the early 20th century.

Geography

Hattusha is nestled within a forested valley at the foot of Mount Karabel between the Kızılırmak (Red River) and the Göksu (Oymapınar) rivers. The city’s strategic location made it difficult to attack but easy to defend.

Architecture

Hattusha boasts impressive ancient architecture, including fortifications, palaces, temples, and public buildings. Some of the most notable structures are:

• The Great Wall: A massive, double-lined fortification wall that protected the city from invasions.
• Bass Relief Building (Bassılarvašši): This impressive sandstone relief is dedicated to King Hattusili III and features scenes of his military victories.
• The Great Temple of the Storm God: An imposing temple complex dedicated to the primary deity of the Hittites, Teshub.
• The Lion Gate: The main entrance to the royal quarters featuring two giant stone lions on either side.

Artifacts and Museums

Many artifacts discovered at Hattusha are now displayed in museums around the world. However, you can see a significant collection of them at the Archaeological Museum of Boğazkale, located just outside the ancient city.

Tips for Visiting

• Hattusha is best explored on foot; however, there is a shuttle service available from the ticket office to some of the sites.
• Wear comfortable walking shoes and bring water as it can get hot during the summer months.
• The site is open daily except Tuesdays, from 8:00 am to 7:00 pm in the summer and 8:00 am to 5:00 pm in the winter.
• Guided tours are available, offering valuable insights into the history and significance of Hattusha.
• There are several hotels, restaurants, and cafes nearby for your convenience.

Conclusion

Hattusha is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in ancient history, archaeology, or simply exploring a fascinating piece of human civilization. We hope this guide has provided you with useful information to make the most of your visit. Safe travels and enjoy your journey through time at Hattusha!