Garrison Border Town of Elvas and Its Fortifications

Garrison Border Town of Elvas: A Comprehensive Guide to its Fortifications

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. History of Elvas
  3. Geography and Climate
  4. The Architecture of Elvas
  5. Key Fortifications
  6. Tourist Attractions Beyond Fortifications
  7. Practical Information for Visitors

Introduction

Garrison Border Town of Elvas, located in the Portuguese region of Alentejo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its impressive fortifications that have stood the test of time. This guide aims to provide an insightful journey into the rich history, architectural wonders, and tourist attractions of this captivating town.

History of Elvas

Elvas’s history dates back to the Roman era, with evidence of occupation from the 3rd century BC. However, it was during the 16th and 17th centuries that the town underwent significant expansion, primarily due to its strategic location along the border between Portugal and Spain. The construction of the fortifications began in 1531 under the reign of King John III and continued for over three centuries.

Geography and Climate

Elvas is situated in the eastern Alentejo region, about 200km east of Lisbon. It lies on a plateau with an average altitude of 475 meters above sea level. The town experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.

The Architecture of Elvas

Elvas’s architecture is a fusion of various styles, including Gothic, Manueline, Baroque, and Military. The fortifications themselves are a testament to the military engineering skills of the time. Walls, towers, bulwarks, and gates form an intricate network that envelopes the town.

Key Fortifications

Star Fortress

The Star Fortress (Fortaleza da Estrela) is one of Elvas’s most iconic fortifications. Built in the 17th century, it resembles a star with six points, each point representing a bastion connected by walls and ravelins. Today, it houses the Elvas Military Museum, offering visitors an insight into the town’s military history.

Citadel of Elvas

The Citadel (Citadele) is another significant fortification in Elvas. It was built between 1640 and 1647 to defend the town against Spanish invasions. The citadel is accessible via a bridge, and it offers panoramic views of the town and its surroundings.

Alcáçova and the Walls of Elvas

The Alcáçova (Alcaçova Velha) was the original medieval castle of Elvas, later replaced by the Citadel. The walls surrounding the old town date back to the 16th century and provide a glimpse into the defensive architecture of the time.

Porta de Moura and the Bulwark of São Pedro do Alagoa

Porta de Moura is one of the four main gates of Elvas, while the Bulwark of São Pedro do Alagoa is an impressive fortification built to protect the town against attacks from the east. Both structures are excellent examples of 17th-century military architecture.

Tourist Attractions Beyond Fortifications

Elvas offers more than just its fortifications for tourists. Other attractions include:

  • Igreja Matriz de Elvas (Parish Church) - A beautiful Baroque church with an intricate facade and ornate interior
  • Igreja da Misericórdia - A 16th-century church featuring a magnificent Manueline portal
  • Jardim Municipal - A peaceful park in the heart of Elvas, offering a respite from the bustling streets

Practical Information for Visitors

  • The best time to visit Elvas is during the spring or autumn months when the weather is milder.
  • Elvas can be reached by car or train from major Portuguese cities like Lisbon and Évora.
  • Accommodation options range from hotels to guesthouses, ensuring a comfortable stay for all budgets.
  • Many of the fortifications are open to visitors during daylight hours. Some museums may have specific opening times, so it’s recommended to check before planning your visit.
  • Elvas is rich in local cuisine, including dishes like Bacalhau à Brás (shredded cod with potatoes and eggs) and Arroz de Cabidela (rice dish made with pigeon blood).