Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae): A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Welcome! In this extensive guide, we will delve into the rich history and archaeological significance of the Early Christian Necropolis located in Pécs, a city in southwestern Hungary that was once known as Sopianae. Prepare to embark on an educational journey through time, exploring the fascinating stories hidden beneath the surface of this captivating site.

Background

Pécs, the fifth largest city in Hungary, lies at the heart of the Pécs-Baranya region and boasts a history that spans over 2000 years. The city’s roots date back to the Roman era, with Sopianae being established as a significant military colony around 35 AD.

One of the most intriguing remnants of this early period is the Early Christian Necropolis, which was discovered in the late 19th century. This burial site offers an invaluable insight into the lives, customs, and beliefs of the inhabitants of Sopianae during the transition from Roman to Christian era.

The Necropolis

The Early Christian Necropolis spans approximately 4 hectares and is located near the modern-day Zsolnay Museum in Pécs. It consists of more than 1,000 burial sites, with over 2,500 individual skeletons found to date. The majority of these burials are believed to have taken place between the 3rd and the 6th centuries AD.

Burial Practices

The Early Christian Necropolis in Pécs reflects a transition period in burial practices. Earlier Roman-era graves typically contained cremated remains, but by the time of the Christian burials, inhumation had become more common. Graves were often adorned with various objects, such as jewelry, pottery, and glass vessels, providing insights into the deceased’s status and beliefs.

Mausoleum of Saint Philip

One of the most significant finds within the Necropolis is the so-called Mausoleum of Saint Philip. The exact identity of this saint remains a matter of debate among scholars; some believe that it could be either Philip the Apostle or Philip of Hungary, a 4th-century martyr and bishop.

The mausoleum, which dates back to the late 3rd or early 4th century, features a central burial chamber surrounded by eight smaller chambers, each containing one or more individuals. The structure was covered with a large domed roof supported by columns, making it one of the earliest known domed buildings in Europe.

Visiting the Early Christian Necropolis

Today, visitors can explore the Necropolis through guided tours led by knowledgeable guides. It is essential to book a tour in advance to ensure access and availability of a guide. Tours typically last around 1 hour and take place throughout the year, with the exception of certain holidays.

When visiting the site, be sure to wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain can be uneven at times. Additionally, remember that the Necropolis is an active archaeological site, so please respect the area by staying on designated paths and refraining from touching any artifacts or structures.

Nearby Attractions

The Early Christian Necropolis is just one of many fascinating sites to visit in Pécs. Other must-sees include:

1. Pécs Cathedral (Dóm) - A stunning example of Baroque architecture, this cathedral dates back to the 11th century and houses numerous treasures, including a collection of mummies known as the “Mummy Room.”

2. Zsolnay Museum - Located near the Necropolis, the Zsolnay Museum showcases the works of the renowned Zsolnay family, whose factory produced some of Europe’s finest ceramics and architectural tiles.

3. Museum of Hungarian Archaeology - Dive deeper into the history of Pécs and its surrounding region at this museum, which houses artifacts dating back to prehistoric times up through the Middle Ages.

4. Oktogon Square - The city’s main square is a lively hub filled with cafes, restaurants, and shops. Be sure to admire the distinctive octagonal shape of the buildings surrounding the square.

Practical Information

• Pécs can be easily reached by train or bus from Budapest and other major cities in Hungary.
• The city has a well-developed public transportation system, making it easy to navigate without a car.
• Accommodation options range from budget hostels to luxury hotels, catering to various preferences and travel styles.
• For more information on visiting the Early Christian Necropolis and other attractions in Pécs, please visit www.visitpecs.com or contact the local tourism office.

We hope this comprehensive guide has inspired you to explore the fascinating history of the Early Christian Necropolis in Pécs, Hungary. Happy travels!