China Danxia

A Comprehensive Guide to China’s Spectacular Danxia Landscapes

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
    • What is Danxia?
    • Where are the Danxia Landscapes Located?
  2. Historical Overview
    • Origin and Evolution of Danxia
    • UNESCO World Heritage Sites
  3. Key Features of Danxia Landscapes
    • Geological Formations
    • Flora and Fauna
  4. Top Danxia Landscape Spots
    • Zhangjiajie National Forest Park
    • Tianmen Mountain
    • Fanjingshan
    • Jiulongshan Scenic Area
    • Shili Danxia Geological Park
    • Danxia Mountains in Huangshan
  5. Best Time to Visit
  6. Travel Tips for Tourists
    • How to Get There
    • Accommodation
    • Recommended Itineraries
  7. Safety Precautions and Respecting Local Culture
  8. Photography Tips
  9. Further Reading and Resources

1. Introduction

What is Danxia?

Danxia, also known as “Danxia Landform” or “Red Bedlands,” is a type of landform created from the layer-by-layer deposition of sandstone over millions of years, followed by uplift and erosion. This unique geological phenomenon results in distinctive red cliffs and peaks, often with peculiar shapes resembling towers, columns, and mushrooms.

Where are the Danxia Landscapes Located?

Danxia landscapes can be found primarily in southern China, particularly in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Chongqing provinces. However, there are also notable Danxia sites in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, and Guizhou provinces.

2. Historical Overview

Origin and Evolution of Danxia

The Danxia landforms were formed approximately 60 million years ago during the Tertiary Period when sedimentary rocks were deposited in river valleys. Over time, these layers were uplifted due to tectonic activities, exposing them to erosion by wind, water, and frost. The result is the stunning red cliffs and towering peaks that characterize Danxia landscapes today.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

In 2010, the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area in Zhangjiajie was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, recognizing its outstanding universal value as a unique landscape with exceptional biodiversity. Other Danxia landscapes are also being considered for World Heritage Site status, including Fanjingshan and Jiulongshan Scenic Area.

3. Key Features of Danxia Landscapes

Geological Formations

Danxia landscapes feature towering red cliffs, sharp peaks, deep canyons, and peculiar rock formations. The layers of sedimentary rocks are often colorful, with hues ranging from red to yellow, green, purple, and brown.

Flora and Fauna

The Danxia landscapes are home to a rich variety of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic to these regions. Keep an eye out for unique plant formations, such as the “Danxia Trees” (特立独行柏), which grow in cracks between rocks.

4. Top Danxia Landscape Spots

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is the most famous of all Danxia landscapes, thanks to its appearance in the blockbuster film “Avatar.” Here, you can explore a maze of towering sandstone pillars and lush forests.

Tianmen Mountain

Tianmen Mountain offers breathtaking views of the surrounding Danxia landscape, as well as the famous Tianmen Cave, a natural arch-shaped hole in the mountain. You can reach the top by cable car or by climbing the 99 Bends Road.

Fanjingshan

Fanjingshan is not only a Danxia landscape but also a sacred Buddhist site. The mountain’s highest peak, Mingfeng Feng, reaches an elevation of 2,572 meters and offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding area.

Jiulongshan Scenic Area

Jiulongshan Scenic Area features a network of deep canyons, towering sandstone pillars, and crystal-clear rivers. The area is less crowded than Zhangjiajie but offers equally spectacular views.

Shili Danxia Geological Park

Shili Danxia Geological Park is known for its unique columnar rock formations that resemble stone mushrooms. The park also features a number of hiking trails, allowing visitors to explore the landscape at their own pace.

Danxia Mountains in Huangshan

Although not as famous as Zhangjiajie, the Danxia mountains in Huangshan are still worth visiting. Here, you can admire the unique “Danxia Trees” and hike through the picturesque landscape.

5. Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Danxia landscapes is during the spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November), when the weather is mild, and the scenery is at its most beautiful. The summer months can be hot and humid, while winter brings cold temperatures and occasional snowfall.

6. Travel Tips for Tourists

How to Get There

Getting to Danxia landscapes usually involves traveling by plane or train to a nearby city and then taking a bus or hiring a taxi to the specific site. It’s best to plan your route in advance, as some sites may be more difficult to reach than others.

Accommodation

There are numerous hotels and guesthouses available near most Danxia landscapes, catering to all budgets. Be sure to book accommodation well in advance during peak travel seasons.

A typical itinerary for visiting a Danxia landscape might involve spending one or two days exploring the main attractions, with time set aside for hiking and photography. Some sites, such as Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, can be quite large, so allow plenty of time to see everything.

7. Safety Precautions and Respecting Local Culture

Always follow local safety guidelines when visiting Danxia landscapes, as some areas may be prone to landslides or other hazards. Be sure to dress appropriately for the weather and wear comfortable walking shoes.

Respect local customs and traditions when traveling in China. For example, avoid taking photographs of sensitive political or military sites without permission, and always ask before photographing people.

8. Photography Tips

To capture the beauty of Danxia landscapes, use a wide-angle lens to take in the vast vistas. Consider shooting during golden hour (the hour after sunrise or before sunset) for stunning light effects.

9. Further Reading and Resources

For more information on China’s Danxia landscapes, consult travel guides, online resources, and forums dedicated to Chinese travel. Additionally, consider joining a guided tour to ensure you make the most of your visit.