Guide to the Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves

Overview

Welcome to an extraordinary journey through two unique and breathtaking destinations in Brazil - the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and the Atol das Rocas Reserve. These islands, located off the northeastern coast of Brazil, are world-renowned for their pristine beauty, diverse wildlife, and unparalleled diving experiences.

Fernando de Noronha Archipelago

Location and Geography

The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is situated approximately 217 miles (350 km) off the northeastern coast of Brazil, in the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of 21 islands, with only 4 inhabited: Fernando de Noronha, San Cristóvão, Santa Katarina, and São Pedro e São Paulo. The main island, Fernando de Noronha, is approximately 15 square miles (39 km²).

History

Discovered by Ferdinand Magellan in 1503, the archipelago was later named after Admiral Francisco de Noronha, a Portuguese naval officer. In 1988, it was declared a Marine National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its exceptional natural beauty and biodiversity.

Wildlife

The islands are home to a rich and diverse array of wildlife. Some of the most notable species include:

• Sea Turtles: The islands serve as an important nesting ground for green sea turtles, hawksbill turtles, and leatherback turtles.
• Birds: Over 150 bird species can be found here, including the red-footed booby, brown booby, and the magnificent frigatebird.
• Dolphins and Whales: Bottlenose dolphins are common in the waters around Fernando de Noronha. Whale watching is also possible during certain times of the year.

Activities

• Snorkeling and Scuba Diving: The clear waters surrounding the islands offer some of the best diving experiences in the world, with a variety of marine life to explore.
• Hiking: There are several trails on the islands that allow visitors to enjoy the natural beauty and diverse flora.
• Beach Visits: Beaches such as Sancho Bay, Conceição Bay, and Boldró Bay are popular for their crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life.

Atol das Rocas Reserve

Location and Geography

The Atol das Rocas Reserve is a small atoll located about 100 miles (160 km) off the northeastern coast of Brazil, near the city of Natal. The atoll is composed of coral reefs and islets, with the largest island being Roca Partida.

History

The Atol das Rocas was declared a federal environmental protection area in 1984 and a national marine park in 2002.

Wildlife

• Birds: The atoll is home to several seabird species, including the brown booby, red-billed tropicbird, and sooty tern.
• Marine Life: The reserve is known for its rich marine biodiversity, with numerous coral species, fish, sea turtles, and dolphins. It is also a crucial breeding ground for the critically endangered Atlantic hawkbill turtle.

Activities

• Snorkeling and Scuba Diving: The crystal-clear waters of the atoll offer excellent opportunities for snorkeling and diving, with diverse coral formations and abundant marine life.
• Birdwatching: Visitors can observe a variety of seabirds nesting on the islands.

Practical Information

How to Get There

• Fernando de Noronha: The archipelago is only accessible by air or sea. Daily flights are available from Recife and Natal, with a limited number of seats. Boats also depart from Natal, but the journey takes approximately 24 hours.
• Atol das Rocas: Access to the atoll is restricted to research vessels and licensed tour boats from Natal.

Accommodation

Accommodation in Fernando de Noronha can be expensive due to its popularity and limited availability. It is recommended to book well in advance.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit both destinations is during the dry season (June to December), when the weather is more pleasant, and sea conditions are favorable for diving and snorkeling.

Safety Tips

• Always follow local guidelines regarding wildlife interaction.
• Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect both your skin and the marine environment.
• Never leave trash behind; practice responsible tourism.