A Comprehensive Guide to Bauhaus: Exploring its Sites in Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau

Introduction

Bauhaus (1919-1933) is a legendary modernist art school, globally recognized for its significant impact on architecture, design, and art. The movement’s philosophy emphasized the harmony between art, technology, and society. This guide will take you on a tour of three essential Bauhaus sites: Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau, offering insights into the history, significance, and tourist attractions each city offers.

Weimar (1919-1925)

History & Significance

Founded by Walter Gropius in 1919, Bauhaus initially started its journey in Weimar, a small German town with a rich artistic and intellectual history. The school aimed to unify craftsmen, artists, and architects under one roof, bridging the gap between art and technology.

Tourist Attractions

1. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar: Although not the original Bauhaus building, this university serves as a vibrant reminder of the movement’s legacy. Guided tours showcase exhibitions and workshops related to modern design and architecture.

2. Klassik Stiftung Weimar: This cultural institution hosts several buildings designed by famous architects, including a Bauhaus-inspired café at the Goethe & Schiller Archive.

3. National Theatre (Deutsches Nationaltheater) and Duchess’ Palace (Herzogin-Anna-Amalia-Bibliothek): Both buildings were designed by Henry van de Velde, a key figure in the Arts and Crafts movement who greatly influenced Bauhaus principles.

4. Wegener House: Originally a private residence for the Wegener family, this building showcases the early Bauhaus spirit through its minimalist design.

Dessau (1925-1933)

History & Significance

After being expelled from Weimar due to political pressures, Bauhaus relocated to Dessau in 1925 under the leadership of Walter Gropius. The city became a laboratory for architectural innovation during these years, resulting in some of the movement’s most iconic buildings.

Tourist Attractions

1. Bauhaus-Archiv Dessau: This museum houses an extensive collection of Bauhaus artifacts, including original furniture, textiles, and drawings.

2. Bauhaus-Universität Dessau: Take a guided tour through the university’s historic buildings, designed by masters such as Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Hannes Meyer.

3. Master Houses (Meisterhäuser): A collection of six detached homes designed for the Bauhaus faculty members. Each house showcases unique architectural elements influenced by the Bauhaus philosophy.

4. Dessau-Törten Estate: An experimental housing project for workers, designed by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer in 1926. The estate represents a pioneering approach to modernist urban planning.

5. Lindenstraße: Stroll down this iconic street, lined with buildings designed by Bauhaus architects, including the Fagus Factory (Gropius) and the Dessau-Törten Estate (Adolf Meyer).

Bernau (1925-1930)

History & Significance

Although short-lived, the Bauhaus’ final phase in Bernau was a significant turning point for the movement. Architect Hannes Meyer led the school during this time, focusing on social housing and urban planning projects.

Tourist Attractions

1. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin: Although not located in Bernau, this archive holds valuable information about the school’s final phase.

2. Siedlung Hohe Schöneberg: A social housing project designed by Hannes Meyer and Adolf Meyer, showcasing a progressive approach to urban planning and architecture.

3. Siedlung Buckau: An extension of the Hohe Schöneberg project, this social housing estate demonstrates the continuity of Bauhaus principles in urban design after its closure.

In conclusion, exploring the three sites of Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau offers a unique opportunity to delve into the history, philosophy, and impact of Bauhaus on modern architecture, design, and art. Each city presents its own charm and insights, making this journey an enriching experience for any enthusiast or tourist seeking to understand the essence of modernist aesthetics.