Ashur Qalat Sherqat

A Comprehensive Guide to Ashur (Qalat Sherqat): Unveiling the Ancient Wonders and Modern Charm

Table of Contents:

  1. Introduction
  2. Geographical Location and Climate
  3. Historical Background
    • Assyrian Period
    • Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid Empires
    • Islamic Period
  4. Archaeological Discoveries and Important Sites
    • Ashur Temple (Kalhu)
    • Palace of King Ashurbanipal (Sennacherib’s Palace)
    • Northwest Palace
    • Ishtar Gate and Processional Way
    • City Wall and Fortress
  5. Modern Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)
    • Demographics, Economy, and Culture
    • Traditional Markets and Souks
    • Culinary Delights
    • Festivals and Celebrations
  6. Travel Tips for Visitors
    • Best Time to Visit
    • How to Reach Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)
    • Accommodation Options
    • Safety and Etiquette
  7. Further Reading and Resources

1. Introduction

Welcome to the captivating world of Ashur (Qalat Sherqat), a city rich in history, culture, and ancient marvels. Often overlooked compared to its more famous counterparts like Nineveh or Babylon, Ashur offers an authentic experience for tourists seeking the untouched essence of Mesopotamia’s legacy.

2. Geographical Location and Climate

Ashur is located in the Nineveh Plains of northern Iraq, approximately 35 kilometers southwest of Mosul. The city lies on the east bank of the Tigris River, surrounded by fertile agricultural lands and rugged mountains. Ashur’s climate is semi-arid, with hot summers and mild winters.

3. Historical Background

3.1 Assyrian Period

Ashur was founded around 2500 BCE and served as the capital of the Assyrian Empire for over a millennium. During this period, Ashur witnessed incredible growth and prosperity under kings like Tiglath-Pileser I, Ashurnasirpal II, and Ashurbanipal.

3.2 Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid Empires

Following the fall of the Assyrian Empire, Ashur was successively ruled by the Seleucids, Parthians, and Sassanids. Each dynasty left its mark on the city, contributing to its architectural and cultural diversity.

3.3 Islamic Period

In 641 CE, Ashur fell under Muslim rule. The city played an essential role during the Abbasid Caliphate, serving as a strategic military outpost and center for commerce. Ashur’s significance gradually declined over time, eventually leading to its abandonment in the 13th century.

4. Archaeological Discoveries and Important Sites

Ashur boasts numerous archaeological sites dating back to ancient Mesopotamia. Here are some of the most notable ones:

4.1 Ashur Temple (Kalhu)

The primary religious center in Ashur, this temple was dedicated to the Assyrian national god, Ashur. The temple’s ruins span over 25 hectares and contain several gateways, shrines, and a ziggurat.

4.2 Palace of King Ashurbanipal (Sennacherib’s Palace)

This palace is one of the most impressive structures in Ashur, known for its intricate bas-reliefs and cuneiform inscriptions. The palace was constructed by King Sennacherib during his reign (704-681 BCE).

4.3 Northwest Palace

Another magnificent palace built by King Ashurbanipal, the Northwest Palace features beautiful frescoes and extensive cuneiform inscriptions. The palace offers a unique glimpse into Assyrian court life during the 7th century BCE.

4.4 Ishtar Gate and Processional Way

The famous Ishtar Gate is part of the ancient city’s processional way, which led to the city’s main temple complex. The gate features magnificent bas-reliefs depicting lions and dragons in a vibrant glazed blue color.

4.5 City Wall and Fortress

The extensive city wall and fortress of Ashur were built to protect the city from invaders. Today, visitors can walk along portions of the wall and marvel at its impressive construction.

5. Modern Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)

5.1 Demographics, Economy, and Culture

Ashur is primarily inhabited by Assyrian Christians, with a smaller population of Muslims. The city’s economy relies on agriculture, livestock farming, and tourism. Ashur’s culture is a unique blend of ancient Mesopotamian traditions and modern Middle Eastern customs.

5.2 Traditional Markets and Souks

Visitors can explore Ashur’s vibrant traditional markets (souks) to purchase local handicrafts, textiles, spices, and fresh produce. The souks offer a genuine taste of Ashurian culture and provide an excellent opportunity for shopping.

5.3 Culinary Delights

Ashur’s cuisine is characterized by its rich flavors, aromatic spices, and fresh ingredients. Must-try dishes include Kubba (stuffed dumplings), Mansaf (yogurt-based dish with lamb and rice), and Baklawa (honey-soaked pastry).

5.4 Festivals and Celebrations

Ashur hosts several festivals throughout the year, most notably the Assyrian New Year (Nisanu) in March or April and the Feast of Tabernacles (Akitu) in October or November. These events offer a chance to immerse oneself in Ashur’s rich history and cultural heritage.

6. Travel Tips for Visitors

6.1 Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Ashur is during the spring (March-May) or autumn (October-November), when the weather is pleasant, and the archaeological sites are easily accessible.

6.2 How to Reach Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)

Ashur can be reached by road from Mosul, Erbil, or Duhok. Visitors should note that travel in Iraq may require special permits and security arrangements due to ongoing regional conflicts.

6.3 Accommodation Options

Options for accommodation in Ashur are limited, with the majority of visitors staying in Erbil or Mosul and making daily trips to Ashur. However, there are plans for a hotel complex within the archaeological site to accommodate tourists more conveniently.

6.4 Safety and Etiquette

Visitors should be aware of potential safety concerns and follow local customs and etiquette. Dress modestly, respect religious sites, and always ask permission before taking photographs.

7. Further Reading and Resources

For more information about Ashur (Qalat Sherqat) and its surrounding region, we recommend the following resources:

  • “Assyria: The Birthplace of Civilization” by Amir Harrak
  • “The Archaeology of Northern Iraq” by Mark Altaweel
  • “Iraq at a Glance: A Political, Social, and Cultural History” by Charles F. D. Meek

We hope this comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into the ancient wonders and modern charm of Ashur (Qalat Sherqat). Happy travels!

A Comprehensive Guide to Ashur (Qalat Sherqat): Unveiling the Ancient Wonders

Overview

Welcome to our in-depth guide on Ashur, also known as Qalat Sherqat or Kalat Sherghan. This ancient city is located in the Niniveh Plain, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, approximately 40 kilometers southwest of Mosul. Ashur holds a significant place in world history, being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities and an important center of culture and religion in the ancient Middle East.

Historical Significance

Ashur was first settled around 3000 BCE and reached its zenith during the Assyrian Empire (911–612 BCE). The city served as the religious capital of the Assyrian Empire, hosting temples dedicated to their national god, Ashur. It was also a crucial political center, strategically situated on the trade routes between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean.

Architectural Marvels

The Ziggurat of Ashur

The most iconic structure in Ashur is the Ziggurat of Ashur. Built-in the 19th century BCE during the reign of King Shalmaneser I, it was dedicated to the god Ashur. Although much of the ziggurat has been destroyed, its foundations and some remnants still stand today, offering a glimpse into ancient Assyrian architecture.

The Palace of Sennacherib

Another noteworthy site is the Palace of Sennacherib. Constructed in the 7th century BCE by King Sennacherib, this palace showcases Assyrian art and architecture at its finest. Unfortunately, like many other structures in Ashur, it was destroyed during the Persian conquest but has been partially reconstructed.

The Assur Temple

The Assur Temple, built-in the 10th century BCE, is another significant site dedicated to the god Ashur. Although extensively damaged over time, it remains a powerful symbol of ancient Assyrian religion and culture.

Modern Ashur (Qalat Sherqat)

Today, Ashur is a small town with a vibrant Kurdish community. The archaeological site attracts tourists from around the world who come to explore the rich history and marvel at the ruins of this ancient city.

How to Get There

  • By Air: The nearest international airport is Erbil International Airport, which is approximately 100 kilometers away. From there, you can hire a car or take a shared taxi to Ashur.
  • By Road: Ashur is connected by paved roads to Mosul and other major cities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Tips for Visitors

  • Dress modestly when visiting the archaeological site to respect local customs and traditions.
  • Hire a local guide to gain a deeper understanding of Ashur’s history and culture.
  • Carry water and sunscreen, as the heat can be intense during the summer months.
  • Respect the ancient ruins by not touching or climbing on them.

Conclusion

Ashur (Qalat Sherqat) offers a unique blend of ancient history, rich culture, and natural beauty. By visiting this captivating city, you will embark on an unforgettable journey through time, exploring the remnants of one of the world’s most significant ancient civilizations. We hope our guide has provided valuable insights to help you make the most of your trip to Ashur (Qalat Sherqat). Safe travels!