Guide to Ancient Jericho (Tell es-Sultan)

Overview

Jericho, known as Tell es-Sultan in archaeological circles, is located approximately 32 kilometers north of the Dead Sea, in modern-day Palestine. This ancient city holds a significant place in human history and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites on Earth.

Historical Background

Prehistoric Jericho (ca. 9000 - 7500 BC)

The prehistoric era of Jericho, also known as Jericho I, saw the establishment of a Neolithic settlement. This period is marked by the construction of semi-subterranean dwellings and evidence of agriculture and pottery making.

Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000 - 2300 BC)

During the Early Bronze Age, Jericho flourished as a regional center, boasting a complex urban plan with large public buildings, a city wall, and a sophisticated water supply system. This period is divided into three phases: EBA I-III.

Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000 - 1550 BC)

In the Middle Bronze Age, Jericho was occupied sporadically, with evidence of destruction and abandonment during this time. The city’s defensive walls were rebuilt, and a palace complex was constructed during this era.

Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550 - 1200 BC)

The Late Bronze Age saw the resurgence of Jericho as an important Canaanite city-state. The city was fortified, and evidence of trade with Egypt and other regions has been found. This period is divided into three phases: LBA I-III.

Iron Age (ca. 1200 - 586 BC)

During the Iron Age, Jericho was part of various Israelite, Philistine, and Assyrian kingdoms. The city continued to be occupied and fortified throughout this period.

Tourist Attractions

The Tell es-Sultan Archaeological Site

The most significant tourist attraction is the Tell es-Sultan archaeological site, which offers visitors a glimpse into the rich history of Jericho. The site is managed by the Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage of the Palestinian Authority.

Tower of Siloam (Al-Ain)

The Tower of Siloam or Al-Ain is an impressive structure dating back to the Early Bronze Age. It serves as a testament to the advanced architectural techniques employed during this period.

Monastery of Temptation

Located on the cliffs overlooking Jericho, the Monastery of Temptation offers breathtaking views and is an essential stop for tourists interested in religious history. The monastery has been continually occupied since the 4th century AD.

Hisham’s Palace (Khirbet el-Mafjar)

Located about 5 km north of Jericho, Hisham’s Palace is an Umayyad palace complex dating back to the early 8th century AD. The palace is well preserved and offers a unique insight into the opulence and architectural prowess of the Umayyad caliphate.

Practical Information for Visitors

• Jericho can be easily reached by car or public transportation from major cities in Palestine, Israel, and Jordan.
• The best time to visit is during the spring (March - May) and autumn (September - November), when the weather is mild and comfortable.
• Modest dress is recommended when visiting religious sites.
• Always respect local customs and traditions.
• Entrance fees apply to all archaeological sites and monuments.
• Guided tours are highly recommended for a more in-depth understanding of Jericho’s history and culture.