The Ancient City of Sigiriya: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Welcome to our in-depth guide on the ancient city of Sigiriya, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Sri Lanka’s most fascinating attractions. This guide will provide you with essential information about this historic location, helping you make the most of your visit.

Overview

Located approximately 165 kilometers northeast of Colombo, Sigiriya is an impressive rock fortress and palace ruin, dating back to the 5th century AD. Known also as the “Lion Rock,” it was built by King Kasyapa (477-495 CE) as his new capital.

History

King Kasyapa chose Sigiriya following the murder of his father and usurpation of the throne. To make his new city impregnable, he built his palace on the top of this rock citadel and decorated its sides with colorful frescoes, mirror-walled audience hall, and diverse gardens. In 495 CE, Kasyapa was killed in a battle against Prince Moggallana, who reclaimed the throne, ending Sigiriya’s brief period as the capital city.

Architecture and Frescoes

The main attraction at Sigiriya is undoubtedly the frescoes on the western face of the rock. Known as the “Heavenly Maidens,” these murals depict beautiful women, Apsaras, and are some of the oldest known examples of Sri Lankan art. The mirror-walled entrance to the palace is another stunning feature, where ancient Sri Lankans used polished metal strips to create a reflective surface.

Gardens of Sigiriya

Surrounding the rock fortress are the remains of several gardens and reservoirs. The largest, the Cobra Hood Cave (Yagā Prasthā) garden, is located on a plateau below the main summit and features an impressive collection of large boulders arranged to form decorative patterns.

The Lion Staircase

At the foot of Sigiriya lies the famous Lion Staircase, created by carving the image of a lion from the rock itself. Visitors can still walk up the restored steps, passing through the enormous paws and mouth of the lion, to reach the entrance to the palace.

Climbing Sigiriya

Reaching the top of Sigiriya is a challenging but rewarding experience. The climb involves steep staircases and narrow ledges, so it’s essential to wear appropriate footwear and be in good physical condition. The panoramic view from the summit makes the effort worthwhile.

Tips for Visiting Sigiriya

• Best time to visit: November to April when the weather is dry and cool.
• Opening hours: 7 AM - 5 PM daily.
• Entrance fee: Approximately $30 USD per person (subject to change).
• Guided tours are available, but it’s also possible to explore independently.
• Remember to take water, sunscreen, and a hat or cap during your visit.

Nearby Attractions

• Dambulla Cave Temple: A complex of five cave temples containing stunning Buddhist murals and over 150 statues.
• Minneriya National Park: Home to large herds of Asian Elephants and a variety of bird species.
• Polonnaruwa Ancient City: Another ancient city in Sri Lanka, showcasing impressive ruins, including the Gal Vihara rock temple complex.

Conclusion

Sigiriya is an essential stop for any traveler visiting Sri Lanka. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and breathtaking views make it a truly unforgettable destination. We hope this guide has been helpful in planning your visit to the ancient city of Sigiriya. Enjoy your exploration!