Ancient City of Damascus

Guide to the Ancient City of Damascus

Overview

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the ancient city of Damascus, the capital of Syria and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world! This vibrant metropolis is steeped in history, culture, and rich architectural beauty that will captivate any visitor.

History

  • Estimated Founding: Damascus was founded around 3000 BCE, making it approximately 5,000 years old. The city has been under various empires and dynasties throughout its history, including the Arameans, Assyrians, Persians, Hellenistic rulers, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, and French Mandate.
  • Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750 CE): Damascus served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, a significant period in Islamic history. The city’s architectural heritage reflects this rich past with numerous mosques, palaces, and monuments.
  • Oldest Synagogue: The Synagogue of Benjamin is believed to be the oldest synagogue in continuous use. It dates back to the 8th century CE and serves as a testament to the religious diversity that has always been a part of Damascus.

Must-Visit Attractions

1. Old City of Damascus

  • The old city is encircled by a wall, with several gates leading into the historical core. Visit the bustling souks (markets) for a glimpse into traditional Syrian life.
  • Highlights include the Umayyad Mosque, the Great Mosque of Damascus, and the Azem Palace.

2. Umayyad Mosque

  • Constructed in the 8th century CE during the Umayyad Caliphate, this magnificent mosque is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Its architecture combines Byzantine, Roman, and Islamic elements.

3. Souks (Markets)

  • Explore the labyrinthine network of markets selling everything from spices, textiles, and silverware to antiques and traditional Syrian crafts. Two particularly famous souks are the Souk al-Hamidiya and the Souk al-Zaitoun.

4. National Museum of Damascus

  • Housing artifacts dating back over 3,000 years, this museum offers a comprehensive look at Syria’s rich history, including ancient civilizations, Islamic art, and Ottoman era relics.

Tips for Visitors

  • Dress Modestly: Respect local customs by dressing modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or during Ramadan.
  • Street Food: Try traditional Syrian dishes such as falafel, shawarma, and kibbeh from street vendors. Be sure to wash your hands before eating!
  • Currency: The official currency of Syria is the Syrian Pound (SYP). ATMs are not readily available, so it’s best to exchange money at a foreign exchange office or bring cash with you.
  • Safety: Always be aware of your surroundings and avoid demonstrations or large gatherings. Check travel advisories before visiting, as safety situations may change rapidly.

Conclusion

Damascus offers an unparalleled blend of history, culture, and cuisine that promises an enriching experience for any traveler. Embrace the vibrant energy of this ancient city and immerse yourself in its rich tapestry of stories and traditions. Safe travels!