Aachen Cathedral: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Overview

Aachen Cathedral (also known as Aachen Cathedral Basilica or Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle) is a remarkable architectural and historical landmark located in the heart of Aachen, Germany. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has an illustrious history dating back to the 8th century, making it one of the oldest cathedrals in Northern Europe.

History

Origin and Dedication

The cathedral was initially built as a church by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), the first Holy Roman Emperor, around 796 AD. It was dedicated to three Christian saints: St. Mary, St. John the Baptist, and St. Remigius, the Bishop of Reims who baptized Clovis I, the first king of the Franks in 496 AD.

Expansion and Rebuilding

Over the centuries, the cathedral underwent numerous expansions and reconstructions. The most significant expansion was ordered by Otto III (983-1002) who added three apses to the east end of the cathedral. A major rebuilding phase took place during the reign of Emperor Charles IV (1346-1378), which resulted in the structure we see today.

Architecture

Exterior

The cathedral’s architectural style is a blend of Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic elements. The building features three towers, two on the west front (the Charlemagne Tower and the Otto III Tower) and one on the east end (the Imperial Tower). The western facade is particularly noteworthy for its intricate sculptures depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments.

Interior

The interior of Aachen Cathedral boasts a stunning Baroque-style redesign completed in 1694, which replaced much of the original Romanesque architecture. Notable features include the Imperial Throne (Kaisersitz) where emperors were crowned and anointed, the impressive bronze Charlemagne door, and the Golden Shrine housing the supposed remains of Charlemagne himself.

Importance in History

Coronation Site

Aachen Cathedral served as the coronation site for 30 kings of the German Empire from 800 AD (when Charlemagne was crowned) until 1531, making it one of the most important royal sites in European history. This tradition resumed briefly during the reign of Napoleon I in 1806 and again in 1900 when William II, German Emperor, was crowned Kaiser.

Pilgrimage Destination

Throughout its history, Aachen Cathedral has also been a significant pilgrimage site due to the relics of Charlemagne and numerous other saints kept within. Today, visitors can still come to pay their respects at these holy relics, adding to the cathedral’s rich spiritual atmosphere.

Visiting Tips

Opening Hours and Admission

The cathedral is open daily from 6:30 AM to 7:30 PM (April-September) and from 6:30 AM to 6:00 PM (October-March). Entrance is free, but there may be charges for guided tours or special exhibitions.

Guided Tours

Guided tours in English are available throughout the day. It’s recommended to check with the cathedral staff for exact times and booking requirements.

Accessibility

The cathedral has wheelchair access, and there are also loop systems for visitors with hearing impairments. However, due to the historic nature of the building, some areas may not be fully accessible.

How to Get There

Aachen Cathedral is centrally located in Aachen and can easily be reached by foot or public transportation. The nearest train station is Aachen Hauptbahnhof, which offers connections throughout Germany and neighboring countries.

Exploring Aachen Cathedral provides a captivating glimpse into the rich history, artistry, and spirituality that has made it an enduring landmark for nearly 13 centuries. Whether you’re drawn by its architectural wonders, royal heritage, or spiritual significance, this remarkable cathedral offers an unforgettable experience for all visitors.

Aachen Cathedral: An In-depth Guide for Tourists

Overview

Aachen Cathedral (Aachener Dom in German) is a remarkable architectural and historical masterpiece located in the heart of Aachen, Germany. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a significant spiritual center since the early medieval period, serving as the imperial coronation church for numerous Holy Roman Emperors.

History

The history of Aachen Cathedral dates back to 796 AD when Charlemagne, the King of the Franks and future Emperor, ordered its construction. The original structure was a royal palace chapel, which was later expanded into a three-aisled basilica in the early 9th century.

Throughout the centuries, Aachen Cathedral underwent numerous expansions, renovations, and restorations. Its current Baroque appearance is the result of extensive work conducted between the 17th and 18th centuries.

Architecture

Aachen Cathedral’s architectural style is a blend of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque elements. The cathedral boasts an impressive octagonal dome, which is one of the oldest in Europe, along with a unique double choir design (a feature that is not found in any other European cathedral).

Key Structures

• The Octagonal Dome: The 57-meter-high octagonal dome is covered with gold leaves and is adorned with intricate frescoes depicting various biblical scenes. Climbing the 421 steps to the top offers breathtaking views of Aachen and its surroundings.

• Double Choir: The double choir design features two separate areas for the choir, one on each side of the central nave. This unique layout is thought to have been inspired by the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy.

• The Imperial Coronation Hall: Located beneath the cathedral, this ornate hall has hosted numerous imperial coronations, including Charlemagne’s own coronation in 800 AD. Today, it serves as a popular venue for concerts and events.

Art and Treasures

Aachen Cathedral houses an extensive collection of artworks and treasures, many of which date back to the early medieval period. Some notable highlights include:

• The Aachen Cathedral Treasury: This impressive collection includes the Imperial Regalia (a set of crowns, swords, and other regalia used in imperial coronations), various liturgical objects, and numerous gold and silver artifacts.

• Charlemagne’s Sarcophagus: Located within the Imperial Choir, Charlemagne’s ornate sarcophagus is an incredible example of Ottonian art from the early 10th century. The sarcophagus is adorned with intricate ivory carvings and precious stones.

• The Aachen Altar: Created between 1823 and 1829, this massive marble altar is covered in exquisite sculptures by the famous artist Johann Joseph von Görres. The altar’s centerpiece is a large crucifix that stands over 4 meters tall.

Practical Information

Opening Hours and Tickets

Aachen Cathedral is open daily, except for certain holidays, from 6:30 AM to 7:30 PM (November - March) or 8:30 PM (April - October). Entrance is free, but a fee is required to access the dome and the cathedral’s treasury.

How to Get There

Aachen Cathedral is conveniently located in downtown Aachen, making it easily accessible by foot, public transportation, or car. The nearest train station is Aachen Hauptbahnhof (Main Train Station), which offers connections to various cities throughout Germany and Europe.

Conclusion

Aachen Cathedral is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in European history, architecture, or art. Its rich history, stunning design, and priceless treasures make it a truly unique and unforgettable experience for tourists. Whether you are exploring the cathedral’s towering dome or marveling at its intricate frescoes, Aachen Cathedral is sure to leave an indelible impression on all who visit.